Breed-wise standard echocardiographic values in dogs have been reported as there is variation in body and chest conformation which limits the application of data of one breed for other breed. LABRADOR RETRIEVERS being originated from hunting dogs, might have different echocardiographic values from standard normal range of other dog breeds. So, the present study was aimed to determine the M-mode echocardiographic reference ranges in LABRADOR Retriever dogs and to evaluate the effect of body weight and gender on these parameters. The data obtained were also compared with that of the other dog breeds. Conscious clinically healthy LABRADOR Retriever dogs (n=24) of both sexes were made the subject of the study. All the measurements were made from a right parasternal long axis left ventricular outflow tract view and the parameters measured were: left ventricular dimensions, left ventricular function, left ventricular volumes, left atrial and aortic root diameter and mitral valve parameters. Data obtained were also compared with that available for other dog breeds. Significant correlation (P<0.05) with body weight was obtained for some of the left ventricular, atrial and mitral valve parameters, being strong for LAD, AOD, LVIDd, LVIDs, IVSd and IVSs (r>0.5); moderate for LVPWd, LVPWs, EPSS, EF Slope and SV (r=0.3 to 0.5); weak for EDV and ESV (r<0.3). Non-significant effect of gender was seen on all the echocardiographic parameters. However, some of the parameters had a significant breed effect. It is expected that the obtained data will be valuable for the progress of studies on small animal cardiology.

An 11 year - old mixed female LABRADOR was presented with two masses in trunk and neck. The tumoral masses were excised and sent for histopathological and immunohistochemical analyses. Histopathological examination of masses revealed diffuse infiltration of small sized lymphoid cells in subcutaneous tissue which were intense around the blood vessels. More than 10% lymphoid cells were CD3 positive in the immunohistochemical staining and most of them were accumulated around vessels. Protein 53 (p53) expression was detected by brown nuclei in immunohistochemical staining. Subcutaneous lymphoma was diagnosed according to histopathological results. After 6 months the case was referred with multicentric lymphoma and based on the owner request euthanasia was performed. These findings emphasize on poor prognosis for tumors with p53 mutation.

A large part of reservoir rocks is composed of carbonate rocks, which are more complicate. The most important challenge in oil production form the carbonate reservoirs, which decreased the ultimate oil recovery is that a great volume of oil remains in the rock. Enhanced oil recovery (EOR) techniques play an important role in improving oil production. Injecting smart water into the oil reservoir is one of the new methods of increasing oil extraction, which is designed by adjusting and optimizing the composition of ions in the injected water. Smart water injection into oil reservoirs is widely used in the oil industry due to its low cost compared to other methods of EOR. Generally, the objective of this study is better utilization of water flooding methods to increase the oil recovery efficiency from the carbonate reservoirs. Therefore, in this research, the effect of magnesium, sulfate and calcium ion concentrations in the process of enhanced oil recovery by smart water injection method on oil recovery coefficient from carbonate rock is investigated. By comparing the recovery factors for the double-distilled water and water types containing divalent ions, it was found out that the presence of divalent ions has a positive effect on the ultimate recovery from the carbonate reservoirs. In addition, changing the divalent ion concentrations in the designed smart water proved that an increase in the concentration of magnesium, sulfate, and calcium promotes the oil recovery factor. By comparing the final oil recovery coefficient of smart waters 4, 5 and 6 compared to smart water 3, it was found that by increasing of ions concentration of Mg+2, SO4-2 and Ca+2 increase of the final oil recovery coefficient from 55%, 57. 7%, 56% and 59% are in carbonate rocks, respectively. In other words, increasing the concentration of calcium ions had the greatest effect on oil recovery factor and increasing the concentration of sulfate ions had the least effect on the oil recovery factor.

Background: Paraneoplastic pemphigus is an autoimmune blistering skin disease associated with concurrent neoplasia that is rarely observed in veterinary medicine. Case description: This case report presents a ten-year-old female LABRADOR Retriever dog with generalized seborrhea and alopecic, crusting and ulcerative lesions in the periocular and perioral regions, the lips and the groins. Findings/treatment and outcome: Hematology analysis showed a marked increase in the number of lymphocytes, while the rest of the values were normal. Skin biopsies were collected and the histological findings were consistent with pemphigus in association with an epitheliotropic lymphoma. Immunohistochemical analysis was performed. There was deposition of immunoglobulin G (IgG) in the basement membrane and in the intercellular space that corresponded with an immunostaining pattern characteristic of pemphigus erythematosus (PE). The lymphoma was positive to CD3 cells and was classified as a T-cell epitheliotropic lymphoma. Conclusion: To our knowledge, this is the first case of PE and cutaneous lymphoma coexisting in a dog, expanding the list of associations between immune-mediated diseases and cancer in dogs, and providing support to the eventual connection between autoimmunity and neoplasia in this species.

LORAN land-based system is a radio navigation system using land-based radio transmitters and receivers to allow mariners, aviators, and those interested in terrestrial navigation to determine their position. The accuracy of Loran land-based system is affected by various factors that one of most important factors is the geometry of transmitters relative to receiver position. This effect is calculated with a non-dimensional parameter called Dilution Of Precision (DOP). There are various methods for calculating GDOP that are: particular bisector method, general azimuthal method and Torrieri method. The aim of this research is calculating of DOP base on these methods for triple LABRADOR chain and comparing the results together. Then a new algorithm is represented for calculating GDOP based on distance between receiver and transmitter similar to using existing GPS algorithm that based on results of LABRADOR chain, this method in comparison with other methods presented optimistic results. Also, this paper introduces an algorithm for finding the best geometry of transmitters according to position of the receiver. This algorithm is used for LABRADOR chain and results indicates that this geometry in comparison with existing geometry of this chain, prepare the minimum values of GDOP for the receivers of this region.

Stroke patients with proximal occlusions of the main stems of cerebral arteries are no optimal candidates for i. v. thrombolysis. For many years interventional stroke treatment could not be established as alternative. This changed with the introduction of stent RETRIEVERS and flexible large lumen aspiration catheters. Randomized trials now proved a significant benefit from intervention for a wide spectrum of severely compromised stroke patients in time windows of up to 8 hrs. However, the randomized trials leave open questions concerning proper patient selection. The benefit for patients with larger infarcts with an ASPECTS between 3 and 5 or patients in time windows above 8 hrs is still uncertain. Especially for critical candidates imaging for reliable detection of the ischemic core and surrounding salvageable brain tissue plays an important role. Technically equivalence between new aspiration techniques as alternative to the use of stent-RETRIEVERS is not finally proven. Recanalization of tandem occlusions with the necessity of acute stenting demands better materials for plaque coverage and thrombus withhold. Management of cases with occlusions due to intracranial atherosclerosis is also debatable. The positive trial results provide especiallynewchallenges to establish countrywide neurointerventional services. Even in developed countries recruitmentandtraining of interventional radiologists as well as priority transportation of stroke patients is challenging to organize.